![]() The number of patients diagnosed with tumor pathology grows exponentially year by year, has increased in incidence from 4 million cases worldwide in 2012 to 19.3 million in 2020. The current data generate hypotheses about the influence of anesthesia on metastatic development, although prospective trials that determinate causality are necessary to make changes in clinical practice.Ĭancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Epidural anesthesia and propofol have been shown to maintain immune activity and reduce catecholaminergic and inflammatory responses, considering the protective techniques against tumor spread. ![]() Through understanding of pharmacological mechanisms of anesthetics and their effects on tumor cells, new perioperative approaches emerge with the aim of halting and controlling metastatic development. The possibility of using “immunoprotective” or “antitumor” anesthetic techniques would represent a turning point in clinical practice. The likely benefit of reducing their use, or even replacing them as much as possible with anesthetic techniques that protect patients from the metastatic process, is still being investigated. ![]() ![]() Scientific evidence indicates that inhaled anesthetics and opioids benefit immunosuppression, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis, providing the ideal microenvironment for tumor progression. Anesthetic agents and techniques, in relation to metastatic development, are investigated for their impact on long-term survival. The stress response triggered by the surgical aggression and the transient immunosuppression produced by anesthetic agents stimulate the inadvertent dispersion of neoplastic cells and, paradoxically, tumor progression during the perioperative period. 4Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. ![]()
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